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In general about...
Charging
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Charging Lead/Acid Battery
DC Current Source
Negative plate = Cathode
PbSO4 → Pb
Lead Sulfate → Lead
PbSO4 → Pb
Lead Sulfate → Lead
Pb + H2SO4
↑
[2e-] + 2H+ + PbSO4
↑
[2e-] + 2H+ + PbSO4
Reaction at -terminal
(Reduction)
(Reduction)
| 1. |
Two added electrones [2e-] reduces the lead sulfate that splits into
one lead atom and one sulfuric ion: [2e-] + PbSO4 → Pb + SO42- |
| 2. |
The sulfuric ion from [1] joins with the hydrogen ions from [5] and makes sulfuric acid: 2H+ + SO42- → H2SO4 |
Electrolyte = Sulfuric Acid
H2O → H2SO4
Water → Sulfuric Acid
H2O → H2SO4
Water → Sulfuric Acid
Lead Electrodes
Grid Plate
Lead Sulfate
Lead Dioxide
Sponge Lead
Electrolyte
Grid Plate
Lead Sulfate
Lead Dioxide
Sponge Lead
Electrolyte
Net reaction at Charging
2PbSO4 + 2H2O → Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4
2 Lead Sulfate+2 Water→Sponge Lead+Lead Dioxide+2 Sulfuric Acid
(electrical energy → chemical energy)
2PbSO4 + 2H2O → Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4
2 Lead Sulfate+2 Water→Sponge Lead+Lead Dioxide+2 Sulfuric Acid
(electrical energy → chemical energy)
Positive plate = Anode
PbSO4 → PbO2
Lead Sulfate→Lead Dioxide
PbSO4 → PbO2
Lead Sulfate→Lead Dioxide
H2SO4 + PbO2 + [2e-] + 2H+
↑
2H2O + PbSO4
↑
2H2O + PbSO4
Reaction at +terminal
(Oxidation)
(Oxidation)
| 3. |
By removing two electrons [2e-] the lead sulfate oxidizes and divides into
one lead ion(IV) and one sulfuric ion: PbSO4 → [2e-] + Pb4+ + SO42- |
| 4. |
The sulfuric ion dissolves in water and makes Sulfuric Acid, and one oxygen ion is being released: SO42- + H2O → H2SO4 + O2- |
| 5. |
The lead ion from [3] joins with the oxygen ion from [4] and one oxygen atom from the water to form Lead Dioxide,
and two hydrogen ions are released: |
|
Pb4+ + O2- + H2O → PbO2 + 2H+ |
|