Batscan - Charging Lead/Acid Battery

Charging Lead/Acid Battery

DC Current Source

Negative plate = Cathode
PbSO₄ → Pb
Lead Sulfate → Lead

Pb + H₂SO₄
↑
[2e^-] + 2H⁺ + PbSO₄

Reaction at -terminal
(Reduction)

1.	Two added electrones [2e^-] reduces the lead sulfate that splits into one lead atom and one sulfuric ion: [2e^-] + PbSO₄ → Pb + SO₄^2-
2.	The sulfuric ion from [1] joins with the hydrogen ions from [5] and makes sulfuric acid: 2H⁺ + SO₄^2- → H₂SO₄

Electrolyte = Sulfuric Acid
H₂O → H₂SO₄
Water → Sulfuric Acid

Lead Electrodes
Grid Plate
Lead Sulfate
Lead Dioxide
Sponge Lead
Electrolyte

Net reaction at Charging
2PbSO₄ + 2H₂O → Pb + PbO₂ + 2H₂SO₄
2 Lead Sulfate+2 Water→Sponge Lead+Lead Dioxide+2 Sulfuric Acid
(electrical energy → chemical energy)

Positive plate = Anode
PbSO₄ → PbO₂
Lead Sulfate→Lead Dioxide

H₂SO₄ + PbO₂ + [2e^-] + 2H⁺
↑
2H₂O + PbSO₄

Reaction at +terminal
(Oxidation)

3.	By removing two electrons [2e^-] the lead sulfate oxidizes and divides into one lead ion(IV) and one sulfuric ion: PbSO₄ → [2e^-] + Pb⁴⁺ + SO₄^2-
4.	The sulfuric ion dissolves in water and makes Sulfuric Acid, and one oxygen ion is being released: SO₄^2- + H₂O → H₂SO₄ + O^2-
5.	The lead ion from [3] joins with the oxygen ion from [4] and one oxygen atom from the water to form Lead Dioxide, and two hydrogen ions are released:
Pb⁴⁺ + O^2- + H₂O → PbO₂ + 2H⁺